The industrial revolution, which began in Britain in the 18th century, marked a significant shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing. This period brought about many technological advancements and innovations, such as the steam engine and the spinning jenny, which greatly increased productivity and had a profound impact on society as a whole. The industrial revolution also resulted in the growth of urbanization and the rise of the working class. Despite the positive effects on society, the industrial revolution also brought about negative consequences such as pollution, exploitation of workers, and social inequality.